Notes

The roots, trunks and cords of the brachial plexus and the classic palsies with their motor loss, sensory loss and deformity in one table.

Water- and fat-soluble vitamins with their active coenzyme form, deficiency disease with one classic sign, and the toxicity traps of A, D and B6.

Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values from one 2x2 table, plus why prevalence ruins a good test.

Deriving sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV from one 2x2 table, why predictive values chase prevalence, and when to pick a sensitive versus a specific test.

The hierarchy of study designs from case report to meta-analysis, which measure each yields, and the classic biases to name in the exam.

How the Rinne and Weber tuning-fork tests localise and classify conductive versus sensorineural hearing loss, with the interpretation rule and a scenario table.

A systematic ABG walkthrough — pH, primary disorder, compensation, anion gap and Winter's formula — so mixed disorders are reasoned out, not guessed.

Sorts systolic from diastolic murmurs, where each is loudest, and how handgrip, Valsalva and squatting separate HOCM, aortic stenosis and mitral valve prolapse.

Maps ST-elevation lead groups to the myocardial territory and culprit coronary artery, with the reciprocal-change, posterior and right-ventricular traps that catch candidates.

Separates hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, obstructive and distributive shock by their preload, afterload and cardiac-output profile, with the first-line management of each.

Interpret HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc across acute, chronic, resolved, immunised and window states, plus a line each on hepatitis C, A and E.

Placenta praevia versus abruptio placentae side by side, plus vasa praevia as the third differential.

Mechanism, key contraindications and best-fit patient for every major contraceptive method in one comparison.

Gross-motor, fine-motor, language and social milestones from 3 months to 3 years with the referral red-flag ages.

India's National Immunisation Schedule by age, with live-versus-killed grouping and cold-chain temperatures.

The high-yield tumour markers with their associated malignancies and the benign conditions that also raise them, arranged as one recall table.

The poison–antidote pairs that recur in FMGE papers, grouped by mechanism so they are recalled rather than crammed.

Why the oxyhaemoglobin curve is sigmoid, what shifts it, and the three exam traps that follow from the shape.